The First Tābi`: Na`t
The following information is based on the text in Hidayat al-Nahw regarding Na`t.
The Tawābi` (plural of tābi`) are those words which follow the ‘i`rāb of the word which was before it. The word which the tābi` follows is called the matbū`.
The first out of the 5 types of tawābi` is called Na`t. The matbū` of na`t is called Man`ūt.
What is the purpose of Na`t?
The purpose of it is to describe its matbū`, or to describe something that is associated with the matbū`.
An example of the na`t describing it’s matbū` (النعت للمتبوع):
جَائَنِي رَجُلٌ عَالِمٌ (An `ālim man came to me)
*The na`t here is “عَالِمٌ”, it is describing رَجُلٌ which is the matbū`.
This type of na`t follows it’s matbū` in 10 things:
- ‘I`rāb (3)
- Ta`rīf
- Tankīr
- ‘Ifrād
- Tathniyyah
- Jam`a
- Tadhkīr
- Ta’nīth
Meaning this na`t will have the same case (fat-ha, ḍammah, kasra), definiteness, number, and gender as the matbū`.
An example of the na`t describing something associated with the matbū` (النعت لمتعلق المتبوع):
جَائَنِي رَجُلٌ عَالِمٌ أبُوْهُ (A man whose father is an `ālim came to me)
*The na`t here is “عَالِمٌ”, it is describing something that has to do with the رَجُلٌ (his father), which is the matbū`.
This type of na`t follows it’s matbū` in 5 things:
- ‘I`rāb (3)
- Ta`rīf
- Tankīr
Meaning this na`t will have the same case and definiteness as the matbū`.
What’s another word that is used for na`t?
Ṣifat.
What benefits do we find from na`t?
It helps to specify the man`ūt if they are nakirah. And it helps to clarify the man`ūt if they are both ma`rifah.
Here we can tell that this is nakirah because of the na`t which is “عَالِمٌ”:
جَائَنِي رَجُلٌ عَالِمٌ (An `ālim man came to me)
Here we can tell that this is ma`rifah because of the na`t which is “الفَاضِل”:
جَائَنِي زَيْدٌ الفَاضِلُ (Zayd, the scholar, came to me)
What else can na`t be used for?
It can be used for praising, dispraising, or emphasizing.
Example of praising:
بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيْمِ (Allah’s Name to Begin With, The Most Compassionate, The Most Merciful)
*The word “الرَّحْمٰنِ” here is the praising na`t for ‘Ism al-Jalālah, the matbū`.
Example of dispraising:
أعُوْذُ بِاللهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيْمِ (I seek refuge by Allah from the accursed shayṭān)
*The word “الرَّجِيْمِ” here is the na`t for dispraising “الشَّيْطَانِ” which is the matbū`.
Example of emphasizing:
نَفْخَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ – الحاقة: ١٣ (A single blow)
*The word “وَاحِدَةٌ” here is na`t for emphasizing “نَفْخَةٌ” which is the the matbū`.
Can a nakirah be man`ūt by a Jumlah Khabariyyah?
Yes it can. The Jumlah Khabariyah can be ṣifat/na`t of a nakirah. It cannot be of a ma`rifah because both parts, na`t and man`ūt, should be matching in ta`rīf and tankīr as mentioned earlier, and jumlah is treated as nakirah.
مَرَرْتُ بِرَجُلٍ أبُوْهُ عَالِمٌ أوْ قَامَ أبُوْهُ (I passed by a man whose father is an `ālim or whose father is standing)
* “أبُوْهُ عَالِمٌ” & “قَامَ أبُوْهُ” are two jumlahs here that are ṣifat of the nakirah which is “رَجُلٍ”
Can the muḍmar be mawsūf or ṣifat?
No, pronouns can never be mawsūf/man`ūt nor ṣifat/na`t.
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الســـلام علیکم و رحمۃ اللہ وبرکاتہ
ماشااللہ i am having difficult in pronouncing these words (Ta`rīf, I`rāb ) others than very informative notes
جزاک اللہ خیر
وعليكم السلام ورحمة الله وبركاته
These words are تَعْرِيْف and إِعْرَاب. The “`” represents an ع with a sukoon here.